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学习目的 掌握启用和关闭STP的方法 了解不同的STP模式的差异 掌握修改网桥优先级影响根网桥选举的方法 掌握修改端口优先级影响根端口与指定端口选举的方法 掌握配置边缘的方法 拓扑图
场景 你是公司的网络管理员。公司的网络使用了两层网络结构,核心层和接入层。采用了冗余网络,为避免存在的环路问题,决定使用STP来进行环路控制。STP有不同的模式,也可以对STP的根桥等进行控制。同样为了加快边缘网络的收敛速度,也可以使用一些特殊特性来配置STP。 学习任务 步骤一.STP配置及验证 实验之前,关闭S3的接口E0/0/1,以避免对实验的影响。 请保证设备以空配置启动。如果设备默认生成树没有开启,使用stp enable命令开启。 本次实验我们使用传统生成树。 [Huawei]sysname S1 [S1]stp mode stp [S1]stp root secondary [S1]
[Huawei]sysname S2 [S2]stp mode stp [S2]stp root primary
[Huawei]sysname S3 [S3]stp mode stp
[Huawei]sysname S4 [S4]stp mode stp 使用display stpbrief 命令查看各接口简要STP状态。 [S1]display stp brief MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/9 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 ALTE DISCARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/13 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/14 DESI FORWARDING NONE
[S2]display stp brief MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/9 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/21 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/22 DESI FORWARDING NONE
[S3]display stp brief MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 Ethernet0/0/13 ALTE DISCARDING NONE 0 Ethernet0/0/21 ROOT FORWARDING NONE
[S4]display stp brief MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 Ethernet0/0/14 ALTE DISCARDING NONE 0 Ethernet0/0/22 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 使用display stpinterface命令查看某接口详细STP状态。 [S1]displstp interface gi0/0/10 -------[CISTGlobal Info][Mode STP]------- CISTBridge :4096 .4c1f-cce0-2efa ConfigTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly15s MaxHop 20 ActiveTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly15s MaxHop 20 CISTRoot/ERPC :0 .4c1f-ccee-152e / 1 CISTRegRoot/IRPC :4096 .4c1f-cce0-2efa / 0 CISTRootPortId :128.9 BPDU-Protection :Disabled CISTRoot Type :Secondary root TCor TCN received :149 TCcount per hello :0 STPConverge Mode :Normal Timesince last TC :0 days 0h:26m:58s Numberof TC :18 LastTC occurred :GigabitEthernet0/0/9 ----[Port10(GigabitEthernet0/0/10)][DISCARDING]---- Port Protocol :Enabled Port Role :Alternate Port Port Priority :128 Port Cost(Dot1T ) :Config=auto / Active=1 Designated Bridge/Port :0.4c1f-ccee-152e / 128.10 Port Edged :Config=default / Active=disabled Point-to-point :Config=auto / Active=true Transit Limit :147 packets/hello-time Protection Type :None Port STP Mode :STP Port Protocol Type :Config=auto / Active=dot1s BPDU Encapsulation :Config=stp / Active=stp PortTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15sRemHop 0 TC or TCN send :32 TC or TCN received :52 BPDU Sent :87 TCN: 0, Config: 87, RST: 0, MST: 0 BPDU Received :853 TCN: 0, Config: 853, RST: 0, MST: 0 步骤二.根桥选举控制 使用display STP命令查看当前根桥信息 -------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]------- CIST Bridge :0 .4c1f-ccee-152e Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20 Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop20 CIST Root/ERPC :0 .4c1f-ccee-152e / 0 CIST RegRoot/IRPC :0 .4c1f-ccee-152e / 0 CIST RootPortId :0.0 BPDU-Protection :Disabled CIST Root Type :Primary root TC or TCN received :190 TC count per hello :0 STP Converge Mode :Normal Time since last TC :0 days 0h:30m:30s Number of TC :17 Last TC occurred :GigabitEthernet0/0/22 …………………. 实验中特别定义了S2为主根网桥,S1为备份根网桥。如上输出CISTBridge和CIST Root/ERPC字段值相同的即为根桥。 桥优先级数值越小的优先级越高,因此将S1的桥优先级改为4096,将S2的桥优先级修改为8192,S1的优先级高于S2,S1将选举为根桥。 [S1]undo stp root [S1]stp priority 4096
[S2]undo stp root [S2]stp priority 8192 使用display stp命令查看新的根桥信息。 [S1]displ stp -------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]------- CIST Bridge :4096 .4c1f-cce0-2efa Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop20 Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop20 CIST Root/ERPC :4096 .4c1f-cce0-2efa / 0 CISTRegRoot/IRPC :4096 .4c1f-cce0-2efa / 0 CIST RootPortId :0.0 BPDU-Protection :Disabled TC or TCN received :179 TC count per hello :0 STP Converge Mode :Normal Time since last TC :0 days 0h:1m:12s Number of TC :28 Last TC occurred :GigabitEthernet0/0/9 ……………………..
[S2]disp stp -------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]------- CIST Bridge :8192 .4c1f-ccee-152e Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop20 Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop20 CIST Root/ERPC :4096 .4c1f-cce0-2efa / 1 CIST RegRoot/IRPC :8192 .4c1f-ccee-152e / 0 CIST RootPortId :128.9 BPDU-Protection :Disabled TC or TCN received :245 TC count per hello :0 STP Converge Mode :Normal Time since last TC :0 days 0h:1m:31s Number of TC :22 Last TC occurred :GigabitEthernet0/0/9 由以上输出可以看出,S1成为新的根桥。 关闭S1G0/0/9、0/0/10、G0/0/13、G0/0/14四个接口达到隔离S1的目的。 S1]interface gi0/0/9 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]shutdown [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]interface gi0/0/10 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]shutdown [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface gi0/0/13 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]shutdown [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]interfacegi0/0/14 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/14]shutdown
[S2]displ stp -------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]------- CIST Bridge :8192 .4c1f-ccee-152e Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop20 Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop20 CIST Root/ERPC :8192 .4c1f-ccee-152e / 0 CIST RegRoot/IRPC :8192 .4c1f-ccee-152e / 0 CIST RootPortId :0.0 BPDU-Protection :Disabled TC or TCN received :259 TC count per hello :0 STP Converge Mode :Normal Time since last TC :0 days 0h:2m:30s Number of TC :25 Last TC occurred :GigabitEthernet0/0/22 ……….. 由以上红色突出部分可以看出,在S1失效的情况下,S2由备份根桥成为了根桥。 开启S1之前关闭的接口。 [S1]interface g0/0/9 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]undo shutdown [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]interface g0/0/10 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]undo shutdown [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]interface g0/0/13 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]undo shutdown [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/13]interface g0/0/14 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/14]undo shutdown
[S1]display stp -------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]------- CIST Bridge :4096 .4c1f-cce0-2efa Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop20 Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop20 CIST Root/ERPC :4096 .4c1f-cce0-2efa / 0 CIST RegRoot/IRPC :4096 .4c1f-cce0-2efa / 0 CIST RootPortId :0.0 BPDU-Protection :Disabled TC or TCN received :183 TC count per hello :0 STP Converge Mode :Normal Time since last TC :0 days 0h:0m:21s Number of TC :34 Last TC occurred :GigabitEthernet0/0/13
display stp -------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]------- CIST Bridge :8192 .4c1f-ccee-152e Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop20 Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop20 CIST Root/ERPC :4096 .4c1f-cce0-2efa / 1 CIST RegRoot/IRPC :8192 .4c1f-ccee-152e / 0 CIST RootPortId :128.9 BPDU-Protection :Disabled TC or TCN received :346 TC count per hello :0 STP Converge Mode :Normal Time since last TC :0 days 0h:0m:39s Number of TC :32 Last TC occurred :GigabitEthernet0/0/9 由以上输出可以看出,当S1恢复后,S1重新被选举成为根桥。 步骤三.根端口选举控制 在S2上使用displaystp brief 查看当前接口的角色信息。 display stp brief MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/9 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 ALTE DISCARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/21 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/22 DESI FORWARDING NONE 此时,G0/0/9为根端口,G0/0/10为替代端口。将下面通过修改S1的端口优先级的方式实现S2的端口G0/0/10成为根端口,G0/0/9成为替代端口。 修改S1接口G0/0/9和G0/0/10的端口优先级。 端口的优先级默认值为128,数值越小,因此在下面实验中我们将S1的接口G0/0/9端口优先级设置为32,G0/0/10端口优先级设置为16,。这样S1的接口G0/0/10优先级高于G0/0/9,S2的接口G0/0/10将选举为新的根端口。 [S1]interface g0/0/9 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]stp port pri [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]stp port priority32 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]interface g0/0/10 [S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]stp port priority16 提示:此处是修改S1的端口优先级,而不是修改S2的端口优先级。 [S1]display stp interface gi0/0/9 ……. ----[Port9(GigabitEthernet0/0/9)][FORWARDING]---- PortProtocol :Enabled PortRole :Designated Port Port Priority :32 PortCost(Dot1T ) :Config=auto / Active=1 Designated Bridge/Port :4096.4c1f-cce0-2efa / 32.9 PortEdged :Config=default /Active=disabled Point-to-point :Config=auto / Active=true Transit Limit :147 packets/hello-time Protection Type :None PortSTP Mode :STP PortProtocol Type :Config=auto /Active=dot1s BPDUEncapsulation :Config=stp / Active=stp PortTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15sRemHop 20 TCor TCN send :70 TCor TCN received :1 BPDUSent :545 TCN: 0, Config: 545, RST: 0, MST: 0 BPDUReceived :2 TCN: 1, Config: 1, RST: 0, MST: 0
[S1]display stp interface gi0/0/10 …….. ----[Port10(GigabitEthernet0/0/10)][FORWARDING]---- PortProtocol :Enabled PortRole :Designated Port Port Priority :16 PortCost(Dot1T ) :Config=auto / Active=1 Designated Bridge/Port :4096.4c1f-cce0-2efa / 16.10 PortEdged :Config=default /Active=disabled Point-to-point :Config=auto / Active=true Transit Limit :147 packets/hello-time Protection Type :None PortSTP Mode :STP PortProtocol Type :Config=auto /Active=dot1s BPDUEncapsulation :Config=stp / Active=stp PortTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15sRemHop 20 TCor TCN send :52 TCor TCN received :1 BPDUSent :544 TCN: 0, Config: 544, RST: 0, MST: 0 BPDUReceived :2 TCN: 1, Config: 1, RST: 0, MST: 0 在S2上使用display stp brief 查看当前接口的角色信息。 display stp brief MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/9 ALTE DISCARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/21 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/22 DESI FORWARDING NONE 有上输出可以看出,S2的接口G0/0/10被选举成为了新的根端口。G0/0/9成为了替代端口。 关闭S2上的根端口G0/0/10,观察替代端口选举为新的根端口的情况。 [S2]interface g0/0/10 [S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]shutdown
[S2]display stp brief MSTID Port Role STP State Protection 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/9 ROOT FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/21 DESI FORWARDING NONE 0 GigabitEthernet0/0/22 DESI FORWARDING NONE 此时G0/0/9被选举成为了新的根端口。 步骤四.边缘端口设置 将连接用户终端设备如计算机的端口配置成边缘端口,可以使用该端口无需经历STP计算过程快速进入转发状态。本任务中,仅作示例将S3接口E0/0/3-4配置成边缘端口,实际网络中可以根据需要配置。 [S3]interface e0/0/3 [S3-Ethernet0/0/3]stp edg [S3-Ethernet0/0/3]stp edged-port en [S3-Ethernet0/0/3]stp edged-port enable [S3-Ethernet0/0/3]interface e0/0/4 [S3-Ethernet0/0/4]stp edged-port enable 配置完成后可以将计算机网线接入到S3的接口E0/0/3,在S3上使用dispalay stp brief命令查看端口的状态。由于E0/0/3是边缘端口就立即转变到“forwarding”状态了。 而连接其它没有配置边缘端口的E0/0/5接口则在链路UP之后要等待约30S才能达到Forwarding“状态。 本文转自 zhuxtqw 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/1054054/1434973,如需转载请自行联系原作者 |
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